GIF动画
生成利萨如图形的gif动画。
// Lissajous generates GIF animations of random Lissajous figures.
package main
import (
"image"
"image/color"
"image/gif"
"io"
"math"
"math/rand"
"os"
)
var palette = []color.Color{color.White, color.Black}
const (
whiteIndex = 0 // first color in palette
blackIndex = 1 // next color in palette
)
func main() {
// The sequence of images is deterministic unless we seed
// the pseudo-random number generator using the current time.
// Thanks to Randall McPherson for pointing out the omission.
rand.Seed(time.Now().UTC().UnixNano())
lissajous(os.Stdout)
}
func lissajous(out io.Writer) {
const (
cycles = 5 // number of complete x oscillator revolutions
res = 0.001 // angular resolution
size = 100 // image canvas covers [-size..+size]
nframes = 64 // number of animation frames
delay = 8 // delay between frames in 10ms units
)
freq := rand.Float64() * 3.0 // relative frequency of y oscillator
anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes}
phase := 0.0 // phase difference
for i := 0; i < nframes; i++ {
rect := image.Rect(0, 0, 2*size+1, 2*size+1)
img := image.NewPaletted(rect, palette)
for t := 0.0; t < cycles*2*math.Pi; t += res {
x := math.Sin(t)
y := math.Sin(t*freq + phase)
img.SetColorIndex(size+int(x*size+0.5), size+int(y*size+0.5),
blackIndex)
}
phase += 0.1
anim.Delay = append(anim.Delay, delay)
anim.Image = append(anim.Image, img)
}
gif.EncodeAll(out, &anim) // NOTE: ignoring encoding errors
}
注意事项
目前常量声明的值必须是一个数字值、字符串或者一个固定的boolean值
1.5获取url
net/http包可获取url
package main
import (
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"os"
)
func main() {
urls := os.Args[1:]
for _, url := range urls {
resp, err := http.Get(url)
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "request err: %v", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
req, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "response err: %v", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
resp.Body.Close()
fmt.Printf("return data is: %v", req)
}
}
练习 1.7
函数调用io.Copy(dst, src)会从src中读取内容,并将读到的结果写入到dst中,使用这个函数替代掉例子中的ioutil.ReadAll来拷贝响应结构体到os.Stdout,避免申请一个缓冲区(例子中的b)来存储。记得处理io.Copy返回结果中的错误。
练习1.8
修改fetch这个范例,如果输入的url参数没有 http:// 前缀的话,为这个url加上该前缀。你可能会用到strings.HasPrefix这个函数。
练习1.9
修改fetch打印出HTTP协议的状态码,可以从resp.Status变量得到该状态码。